Cultivation of grapes

Grapes

The grape plant is a family of vineyards. It has about sixty species. It is one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world. Its cultivation dates back to the year 4000 BC. The original habitat of the grape plant is the Mediterranean, Southwest Asia, and Central Europe, but is now widely cultivated in the world. It is a climbing tree and may have a length of 17 meters or more if not cut, The flowers are spherical, and the fruits are spherical, and may take a slightly long form, and are found in several colors, including green, amber, red and black, inside the pulp contains seeds. Grapefruit is a nutritious fruit that people accept to eat in different forms; they are freshly eaten, dried to make raisins, made from grape juice, jam, and used grape oil to season salad, frying, and making bread, making lip balm, skin care products, And others.

Cultivation of grapes

Grapefruit cultivation is widespread in many regions of the world. As mentioned previously, there are about 60 species of grapes to choose from, but the most famous are American, European and Mexican grapes. Each species has multiple breeds that differ in size, , Color, and texture. Grape seedlings can be grown in several ways. Suitable seedlings can be grown to be suitable for the environmental conditions in which they will be grown. When selecting seedlings, they should be one year old, healthy, strong, virus-free, The grapes can be grown using a stick or a clip. They are part of the grape tree. They are cut, bearing in mind that there are three nodes. These nodes appear in the form of protrusions. Grape can be grown using seeds. However, planting the seeds requires a lot of time and effort.

Cultivation of grapes with cuttings

To cultivate the mind of grapes, you must follow the following steps: Processing the mind of grapes: cut the brain over the node by about (1 / 4-1) inch; ie (0.63-2.54) cm angle (45) degree, and is keen to contain the brain of the sperm transplant on three nodes, More than a mind can be selected and grown in different places to increase the chances of success, and then the plants and useless herbs are eliminated.

• Choose the right place to grow the mind

Grape of perennial plants that may live a hundred years, so choose a place to cultivate carefully, and the area should be wide and free of trees and plants huge, and the area sunny, well-drainage, preferably planted on a slope And to face the south; to protect the grapes from the frostbite, and avoid the cultivation of grapes down the slopes; because it presents it to cold air and damage the crop.

• Soil preparation

The soil suitable for growing grapes is simply rock or sandy soil, whose pH is slightly higher than 7, and the vine grower should prepare the soil in a way that allows good drainage of the water; because the water-saturated roots do not promote the proper growth of grapes , And the grape plant does not prefer soil rich in food, so should avoid the use of fertilized soil as much as possible.

• Preparation of a trellis of grapes

Grape leaves is an arched and climber; therefore it is necessary to provide a trellis for the length and support of its growth. A ready-made trellis can be purchased in the form of a wooden structure made up of interlocking panels, allowing the vineyard to wrap around, and a simple wood and wire canopy.

• Choosing the right date for planting

The right time to grow grapes is late winter and early spring, and this is the right time for pruning also during the coming years.

• Grape cultivation

The distance between vineyards is chosen depending on the type of grapes. American and European grapes need 1.8-3 m between each plant, while Mexican grapes need about 5 meters between each plant. Incubate the brain in a trench so that it covers the base bud with the top bud remaining directly on the surface of the soil, and the soil surrounding the pouch is pressed.

•  Watering the plant

Immediately after the cultivation of grapes need to be irrigated, then reduce the amount of water, and in the absence of rain in the region prefer to use a system of dotting next to the roots directly; to ensure the plant to get a small but regular amount of water.

Plant pruning: In the first year, the fruit that grows on the small vine must be cut because it will be damaged by its heavy weight. The weak branches should be cut and kept only on the branch that grows directly from the reeds. In the following years, the plant is harvested so that 90% Which grows on the old vine, and the best date to trim the grape plant is the late winter, when the tree inert, do not lose her temper during pruning, and the atmosphere is not so cold that the frost can be where the shear.

• Add mulch

can adjust soil temperature, increase its water retention capacity, reduce weeds by adding sawdust, or so-called mulch around the grape plant.

• Care of grapes

To care for and maintain the grapes properly: Weeds must be removed regularly. Cover the plant with a net to keep birds away. Use insecticides to get rid of the moth bug after consulting the specialist. Plant protection from dandruff by planting it in a well ventilated area. Do not worry about the insect, because the beetles feed on them, without harming the grape plant.

• Grape Harvesting

To harvest the fruits of mature grapes, you may prefer to taste a little of it. If the taste is ripe, it is ready to eat. It should be noted that the fruits of the grapes do not ripen after picking them, as in the rest of the fruits, so be sure to ripen the fruits before picking them.

Cultivation of grapes from seeds

Before purchasing grape seeds from the nursery or getting them from a previously planted grape tree, you should choose the appropriate grape variety for the area and its climate, and determine the goal of growing grapes. Some species are suitable for making jam, some of which are more suitable for fresh grapes. For the cultivation of grapes using seeds, it is recommended to follow the following steps:

• Ensuring that the seeds are viable

The healthy seeds that can be grown are: The texture is soft when squeezed gently. The endosphere (seed seed) under the shell of the seed is pale white or gray, and the endosperm is the part of the seed responsible for feeding the sprouted buds, and supplying them with protein. When placed in the water sink, the damaged seeds float.

• Seed Preparation for Agriculture

The best time to start processing seeds for agriculture is December. At first, the seeds are washed and soaked in a day-long distilled water, and the seeds are then buried in an environment suitable for growth. The best is peat, because it has antifungal properties. It can be replaced with sand, wet paper napkins or vermiculites. , And then placed in the refrigerator at a temperature between (1-3) ° C for two or three months, but not freeze.

• Seed planting

At the beginning of spring, seeds are grown in containers filled with good soil. One seed can be planted in a vase, or several seeds can be planted in one pot, with the distance between seeds approximately 4 cm. The seeds need to grow to a temperature of not less than 20 ° C during the day and 15 ° C at night. To achieve this, they can be placed in a glass house or using a heating meter. The soil needs to be wet but not wet, After two to eight weeks, the plant will begin to appear.

• Transfer of seedling to soil

When the seedlings reach 8 cm, they are transferred to a larger container, kept inside the glass house or inside the house until they reach 30 cm and have at least 5-6 leaves, Grow strong root, then move outward and plant in the soil in a sunny place, and take care of seedlings as previously explained.